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Appendix 2: Glossary

Word Form Meaning
#truth text slang # = hashtag; that is true
😉 emoticon wink = I’m joking
??? text slang I’m confused or puzzled
@ text slang at
@ abbreviation at
2 a T text abbreviation to a T = exactly; perfectly
4ever text slang forever
accurate adjective correct
acoustic adjective a musical instrument played without electrical amplification
acquaintance noun a person you know but not as well as a friend
address verb to use a special name or title when talking or writing to someone
adjust verb to change; to shift; to switch
alien noun someone who comes from an unfamliar place, maybe another planet
alienate verb to make someone feel that he or she does not belong to a group
alienating verb doing something that makes a person feel like he or she does not belong
anonymous adjective not identified by name
anonymously adverb doing something without telling who did it
apologize verb to say “sorry”
apology noun an expression of being sorry
appeal verb attract
apprentice noun a person who is learning a trade from his or her employer
approach verb to come close to
appropriate adjective good or correct for a particular time or place
aroma noun a scent
arranged verb (past tense) planned or organized; not by chance
assumption noun something you think is true but you have no proof
assured verb made certain or confident
awkward adjective hard to deal with; lacking skill or social grace
b4 text abbreviation before
background(s) noun a person’s/people’s early education or family history
band noun a group of musicians
barely adverb hardly; only just
baring verb showing; uncovering
bass noun an instrument with the lowest, or deepest, sound
be over it slang to recover from an unhappy situation or incident
be up to slang doing or planning to do something
bear hug noun a friendly hug or embrace with arms completely around another person
bear-proof adjective able to keep bears out
beer garden noun an enclosed outdoor space for drinking alcohol
beyond text slang more than usual
bin(s) noun container(s)
biodegradable adjective able to decay naturally with no danger to the environment
black sheep of the family idiom a family member who doesn’t follow the family rules
blind noun unable to see; without sight
blogger noun a person who expresses opinions on Internet discussion sites called blogs (weblogs)
blunder noun mistake; error
blunt adjective very direct; abrupt
bonus adjective something good or extra that is not expected
bottom noun land below a hill; a valley
boundary/ boundaries noun line(s) that mark a limit
brb text slang be right back = the texter must leave but will return
bro slang noun brother; a male friend
buddy noun a close friend
budge verb to move; to change
bullet(s) noun small circle(s) or other shape(s) on a document to mark item(s) in a list
bump verb to lightly hit or crash into someone or something
burst verb (an object) filled so full that it breaks
c’mon speech reduction Come on! Hurry! Get moving!
cabin noun a vacation home often near a lake or in a forest
came up short expression failed to reach a goal
campaign booth noun a small space or table to promote someone who wants to be elected
censor verb to cut out or delete unacceptable parts of a conversation or document
charge verb to attack
choppy adjective separate; abrupt; not smooth
chorus noun the repeated part of a song
cliff noun a high point on a mountain above a vertical drop
close adjective very familiar; friendly; warm; intimate
cognates noun words that share a common origin or root word; members of word families
coincidence noun two or more events that happen by chance at the same time
colleague(s) noun person/people who work together; co-worker(s)
comedian noun a person who tells jokes or stories to make people laugh
commitments noun promises
common adjective shared
communicate verb to express and receive messages, including feelings and information
communication noun the process of expressing and receiving feelings and information
compare verb to find out how things, people, or events are the same
compliments noun polite expressions of praise or congratulation
confirm verb to establish that something is true
compose verb to write
confirmation noun an official answer that something is true
confirmation number noun a number for a service that will definitely happen
confiscated verb (past tense) removed by someone with power
conflict noun a disagreement or problem
considerate adjective thoughtful of other people
construction noun the process of building something such as a highway
context noun information before or after spoken or written words that clarify meaning
convenience noun the quality of being easy to do, get, or use
convenient adjective easy to get, use, or do
cooler(s) noun insulated container(s) for keeping food cold
county noun an area or government district in the countryside
courteous adjective well-mannered; polite
courtesy noun good manners; politeness
critic noun a person who judges the quality of something, or offers negative opinions of it
critical adjective disapproving; fault-finding
critical thinking expression reflecting deeply to consider how and why things happen
criticism(s) noun expression(s) or judgement(s) of the fault(s), and sometimes quality, of something
crossing a line expression behaving in a way that is not acceptable
curious adjective wanting to know; interested in something
darn slang emphasis annoying
debt noun something, such as money, owed to another person
decade(s) noun a period of 10 years
deductible noun an amount that is deducted, or subtracted, from a total amount
delicate adjective sensitive, difficult, or awkward
demanding adjective asking in a strong way
designated adjective chosen and identified
direct adjective straight; without formalities or ceremony
directly adverb done in a clear way that shows feelings exactly
directness noun the condition of saying thoughts exactly without softening them
disappointment noun the feeling when something hoped or planned for does not happen
distance noun the social space between people; how close relationships are
distant adjective unfamiliar; unfriendly; cool; unsociable
distraction(s) noun thing(s) that pull(s) attention away from what is important
diverse adjective different; having a lot of variety
diversity noun variety
double bass noun the largest instrument in the violin family
drop it verb to stop doing something
dropped off verb (past tense) delivered
dropped out verb (past tense) quit attending
dropping in on verb visiting someone without telling the person in advanced
droppings noun stools or bodily waste left on the ground by animals
dude slang noun man; guy
duet noun two musicians performing together
easy on the eyes expression good-looking; beautiful
elderly adjective old
elder(s) noun older member(s) of a family or community
eldest adjective the oldest
electrocuted verb (past tense) shocked by an electric current
eligible adjective worthy to be chosen
embarrassment noun feeling uncomfortable or awkward about someone’s behaviour
emerging adjective becoming known
emphasize verb to say strongly
enforce verb to require people to obey a rule
enlarge verb to make bigger
environmentally friendly adjective not dangerous to the environment
equality noun having similar status or power
etiquette noun rules of polite behaviour
exceptional adjective unusual
excuse verb to overlook; to accept bad behaviour
excuses noun reasons or explanations for why something rude or inappropriate happened
eye candy slang good-looking; beautiful
familiar adjective well known; easy to recognize
familiarity noun knowing and feeling comfortable with someone or something
field noun a box or cell on a form to be filled in
filter verb to choose or carefully limit what is allowed out or in
financially adverb about money
fit in verb to belong
flashback(s) noun memory/memories
flexible adjective able to bend or change
fluent adjective flowing; smooth; not broken
folksy adjective friendly; informal
formal adjective paying careful attention to proper manners of doing something
formality noun a polite or official way of acting or speaking
former adjective true before but not now
furious adjective very angry
gender noun the social distinction of being female or male
generation(s) noun people about the same age within a society or family such as grandparents, parents, children
genre noun a category of artistic work in stories or music
gesture(s) noun movement(s) of the body, especially hand(s) or the head, to express meaning
get a bee in my bonnet expression become upset about something
gma text abbreviation grandma
go overboard idiom be too extreme
grace period expression a specific amount of time when penalties for being late are not charged
grateful adjective thankful
growing pain(s) expression difficulty/difficulties when a new project begins
gtg text slang I’ve got to go
guide dog nou a dog trained to help people who are blind
guilt noun responsibility for a fault, mistake, or bad behaviour
handicap parking permit noun a sign or special licence plate on a car that allows the car to be parked in wider, specially marked parking stalls closer to building entrances
handsome adjective good looking; attractive
hang on verb to wait; to keep a telephone line open
hard of hearing expression unable to hear well; hearing impaired
harm noun hurt; damage; injury
has a good eye idiom has strong skills at something; notices small details
has a lot on his/ her plate expression is very busy; has many responsibilities
have my word expression have my promise
heartfelt adjective deep; honest; sincere
hesitant adjective not doing something immediately because you are unsure
honour verb to respect; to celebrate
hot date slang an exciting appointment with a romantic partner
hot topic expression a subject many people are talking about
howz text slang how is
humiliation noun feeling put down or publically shamed
hwy text slang highway
identify verb to learn and say exactly what something is
ignore verb to pay no attention to
impersonal adjective not about just one individual; public
in charge adjective responsible; leading
in Claire’s shoes expression in her role or situation
in-your-face expression very direct; impossible to avoid
inbox noun a physical or electronic place to receive messages
inclusion noun the action of including someone or something in a group or action
inconvenience noun a problem, nuisance, or bother
Indian noun a person from India
indirect adjective roundabout; following formalities or ceremony
indirectly adverb done in a way that does not clearly show feelings
indirectness noun the condition of not saying thoughts exactly, only hinting
inferring verb figuring out; reasoning
informal adjective without ceremonial or formal manners; casual
instruction noun information that tells someone how to do something
interact verb to communicate
intermission noun a planned break in a performance
intimate adjective very private; innermost; confidential
intonation noun the way sounds become longer, shorter, higher or lower in speech
invisible adjective not able to be seen
jet lag noun the condition of being very tired after flying in an airplane across time zones
just emphasis or adverb only; only a short time ago; almost not able to do something
keep an eye out for idiom watch for
keep face expression remain respectable
kill me now slang I’d like to get out of this difficult situation.
l8r text slang later
leash noun a long piece of leather or cloth attached to a dog collar
lending verb letting someone borrow something
lengthen verb to make longer
light bulb noun a glass tube or bulb that uses electricity to produce light
line noun an electronic, wired connection; e.g., telephone
listen in on verb to hear something by accident or without the knowledge of others
litter noun garbage left on the ground
lol text slang laughing out loud = very funny
losing face expression become ashamed
lyrics noun the words of a song
ma’am noun madam; a polite greeting for an older woman
making excuses expression giving reasons for inappropriate behaviour without taking responsibility for it
Maskwa noun the fictional county named with the Cree word meaning “bear”
matter noun subject; issue; problem
mend verb to fix; to repair
mending fences expression repairing a relationship after a conflict or misunderstanding
metaphor(s) noun word(s) or phrase(s) that symbolize something else to explain something
minding my own beeswax expression paying attention to my own duties, not other people’s
mithai noun a South Asian sugary snack
moderator noun a person who keeps order in a discussion
moody adjective given to unpredictable changes of mood
my bad slang my mistake
my old lady slang my wife or female partner
non-verbal adjective without speaking
nope slang no
normal adjective usual; typical; ordinary
obligation(s) noun thing(s) that must be done; duties
offence noun a behaviour that upsets someone or breaks a custom, rule, or law
offended verb (past tense) to upset or insult someone
old soul noun a wise, perhaps older, person
omg text slang oh my god
opinionated adjective having strong opinions
or else! prep phrase a warning or threat if a demand is not met
outer space noun the area outside the Earth’s air (atmosphere), where other planets and the stars are
overly adverb too
padded envelope noun an envelope with thick, soft sides to protect whatever is inside
partnership noun a relationship between two people, groups, or organizations
patterns noun ways or forms of talking or writing that repeat
perception(s) noun the ability to see, smell, taste, hear, feel, and understand
performance noun the act of presenting, or staging, a concert or play
permission noun approval to do something
personal adjective private; individual; belonging to a particular person
perspective(s) noun viewpoint(s); way(s) of seeing or understanding
pessimistic adjective negative
pick out verb to choose
pistachio noun a nut with a greenish kernel
pitch noun how high or low a sound is
political party noun a group organized around ideas of how to govern
politician noun a person who is elected to government
poll noun a set of questions or a survey to measure people’s opinions
post verb to send a message by putting it in a public place
prefix(es) noun letter(s) added to the beginning of a word, to make a new word
prob abbreviation problem
prohibiting verb disallowing
prohibition(s) noun rule(s) against some kind(s) of behaviour
prompt adjective quick
published verb printed or produced for public sale
punctuation noun written marks such as , ? ! . “ ”
quantity noun an amount of something
quotes noun words that were first said or written by someone else
r u w/ abbreviation Are you with (someone)
reading between the lines idiom understanding something more than what is written and isn’t directly stated
reception noun the quality in receiving an electronic signal; e.g., on a radio, TV, or cellphone
recognize verb to notice and identify; to be aware of
recyclable adjective able to be used again after being re-processed
reeve noun the elected leader of a county; similar to a mayor in a town
regarding preposition concerning; about
regret noun sadness; shame; guilt
regrets noun expressions of being sorry
request verb to ask
request noun the act of asking for something
reviewer noun a person who rates the quality of something and expresses an opinion about it
revival noun a new production of an old work of art or music
rhythm(s) noun strong, regular sound(s) or beat(s) in music
roots noun origins
running verb managing; controlling
rural adjective in the countryside, not in a city or town
saving face expression protecting or restoring respect for someone
saxophone noun a musical wind instrument
scaffolding noun a supporting structure
scene noun situation
scrambled verb (past tense) hurried
see eye to eye idiom to agree
series noun a set or sequential group of things
service dog noun a dog trained to help people
sesame seeds noun small, oval seeds
settling in verb becoming comfortable in a new place
shadowing verb following closely
shame noun dishonour; loss of respect from others
short list noun a list of a few individuals being considered for a prize or honour
shout-out noun a quick, public thank you
shut me out expression stop listening or paying attention to me
sighing verb breathing loudly because of fatigue, frustration, or boredom
signal verb to show
significant other noun a life partner; a spouse; a girlfriend or boyfriend
silver lining expression the brighter or hopeful side to a problem; from the proverb “Every cloud has a silver lining”
sincere adjective honest; genuine; true
slashed adjective cut with a knife or sharp tool
smashing slang excellent; wonderful
sober adjective clear-headed; not under the influence of alcohol
social media noun online communication that connects large groups of people who share information; includes Facebook, Twitter, blogs
social conventions noun patterns of polite behaviour in a society or culture
soften verb to make softer, gentler, or less direct
softeners noun expressions that make communication less direct
softer adjective less demanding; quieter
solo(s) noun one musician performing alone
solution(s) noun answer(s)
something’s up expression something unusual is happening
SpaceBook noun a fictional social media site
srsly text abbreviation seriously
stage noun a platform for performers, often higher than the floor
status noun the social position, or rank, of one person compared to others
straggler(s) noun latecomer(s)
struggle verb to try very hard to do something difficult
suffix(es) noun letter(s) added to the end of a word, to make a new word
suggest verb to say what someone could or should do
suggestion noun a message or statement that tells what someone could or should do
sugar-coating adjective making something sound better than it really is
suited verb (past tense) fit
sum noun total amount
sundown noun sunset
sux text slang sucks = something is terrible
sux 2 b u text slang sucks to be you = your situation is terrible
sweet adjective sugary; fantastic
sweetheart noun a beloved person
sweets noun candies or sugary snacks
switch verb to exchange one thing for another
sympathy noun feeling of pity or compassion for someone in pain or trouble
synonym(s) noun word(s) with similar meaning(s)
take dictation verb to write down exactly what someone says
talent noun natural ability
teacher’s pet slang a student favoured by a teacher
tell verb to give information; to communicate something
texture noun the feel of a substance
the big two-o slang 20 years old
the most eligible bachelor expression the single man most qualified for marriage
theft noun the crime of stealing; a robbery
thirsty adjective the feeling of needing to drink something
threatening verb saying that someone will do something unpleasant if a demand isn’t met
throw up verb to vomit
thx text slang thanks
tidy adjective neat and orderly
TMI abbreviation too much information
tone noun the sound of a voice
tow truck noun a powerful truck able to pull other vehicles
trade noun some kind of skilled work done by hand or machine; e.g., electrician, carpenter
traditional adjective customary in a family or culture
trapped verb (past tense) unable to get away
trivial noun small details; unimportant facts
Twitterverse noun all the users and comments on the social networking site Twitter
u text slang you
ugh interjection an expression that shows dislike
unattended adjective alone without being watched or attended
uncomfortable adjective unpleasant; difficult; not relaxed
unfamiliar adjective not well known; not easy to recognize
unforeseen adjective unexpected; surprising
ungrateful adjective not thankful
unknown adjective not famous; anonymous
unoriginal adjective copied; not new or imaginative
upbeat adjective cheerful; optimistic
upset adjective disturbed; made unhappy
ur text slang your
value noun worth; price
vehicle noun a car, truck, van, bicycle, etc.
vocal adjective freely saying, or voicing, opinions
w/ text slang with
walking on eggshells expression being careful of what is said or done around another person because he or she might easily become upset
water under the bridge idiom events that happened in the past and cannot be changed
We regret to inform you formal written expression This is bad news
Well, I’ll be slang an expression of surprise
What the heck slang an expression of surprise or anger; a softer way of saying “What the hell?”
wisdom noun the quality of knowing what is right and doing what is just
wonky adjective unreliable
zombie slang a person who behaves without human emotion

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