39 Chapter 4: Answer Key
Introduction
Focus Questions
There is a variety of possible answers.
Reading
Before You Read
Formality and Directness in Responding to an Apology
Answers may vary slightly:
1.
Formal:
Apology accepted.
Don’t mention it.
I forgive you.
It’s not your fault, but I appreciate that you care.
Next time you do this, you will be sorry.
Please don’t let it happen again.
Thanks for the apology, but no harm done.
Informal:
It’s all right.
It’s fine.
Next time you do this, you will be sorry.
No worries.
Not a problem.
2.
Direct about feelings:
I forgive you.
It’s not your fault, but I appreciate that you care.
Next time you do this, you will be sorry.
Thanks for the apology, but no harm done.
Indirect:
Apology accepted.
Don’t mention it.
It’s all right.
It’s fine.
No worries.
Not a problem.
Please don’t let it happen again.
3.
Rejected:
Next time you do this, you will be sorry.
Please don’t let it happen again.
Accepted:
All others
Vocabulary: Synonyms
Incorrect answers are crossed out.
| conflict | dispute | argument | battle | disagreement |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| right | correct | justified | appropriate | |
| heartfelt | honest | sincere | earnest |
Predictions
There are many possible answers.
After You Read
Comprehension
Strategy 1: Recognizing Meaning
Answers:
1. b
2. c
3. b
4. a
Strategy 2: Paraphrasing
Answers:
1. a
2. c
3. d
4. a
Vocabulary
Strategy: Reinforcement of Words and Definitions Through Use in Context
Answers:
1. blunder
2. regret
3. right
4. etiquette
5. considerate
Comprehension
Strategy 1: Locating Indirect Instructions
Answers:
| Indirect Statements | Matching Direct Statements |
|---|---|
| 1. We respectfully request that the registration fee of $250 be refunded immediately. | a) Give Del Jacobs back his money.
b) Send the money quickly to Laloi and McClaws Barristers and Solicitors. |
| 2. We await your prompt confirmation (in writing) of our client’s cancellation. | c) Send the law firm a letter to show that Del Jacobs’s registration has been cancelled.
d) Write to the lawyer as soon as possible. |
| 3. All future communications regarding this matter can be directed to Mr. Jacobs’s legal representatives at Laloi and McClaws. | e) Don’t call or write to Del Jacobs.
f) Send all questions or communications about Del Jacobs to the lawyer. |
| 4. Notification of Immediate Cancellation of Delany Jacobs, Maskwa Folk Music Festival | g) Cancel Del Jacobs’s registration right away. |
Strategy 2: Recognizing Phrases
Answers:
1. a, b
2. b, c, d
3. b, c
Vocabulary
Strategy: Using Context to Determine the Meaning of Expressions in English
Answers:
1.
a) keep
b) celebrate
c) very high standing
d) personal goodness
2.
a) information
b) subject
c) problem
d) count
3.
a) shame
b) feels guilty for
c) feels sorry about
d) a message saying she was sorry she couldn’t go.
Discussion
A variety of answers are possible. Some examples are given below.
NOTICE these formal words and expressions to notice in the lawyer’s letter:
Dear Mr. Doucette
Re: Notification …
We regret to inform you …
The 21st day of May, 2015
Due to unforeseen personal circumstances …
We respectfully request
FIND formal expressions to match these informal phrases:
We’re sorry = We regret to inform you …
He can’t come = Mr. Delany Jacobs must withdraw
The reason is private = personal circumstances
He isn’t going to keep his promise = Mr. Jacobs will be unable to honour his commitments
It’s past the deadline = the 48-hour grace period has passed
We’re asking = We respectfully request
Let us know = We await your … confirmation
DISCUSSION: This is an opportunity for learners to express a variety of opinions.
COMPARING perceptions will include some variation.
IDENTIFY:
Use of “apology” Lawyer 0 Claire 2
Other words of responsibility Lawyer 0 Claire 4
Use of “regret” Lawyer 1 Claire 1
Other words about feelings Lawyer 0 Claire 5
DISCUSSION of “face” may include the personal, private nature of Claire’s offence against Gilles, and the public, professional nature of Del Jacobs’s performance at the festival. The exchange of money may also be a factor.
Reading Progress Check
Answers:
1. a
2. a and d
3. a and c
4. c
5. a) False
b) True
c) True
d) False
e) False
Listening
Before You Listen
Social Conventions Around Apologies and Excuses
Some variation in answers is possible:
Direct regret and responsibility:
3
6
Softened request with a reason:
1
7
Indirect referral to a problem, no reason:
8
Softened refusal of offer with no reason:
2
Direct sympathy but no responsibility:
4
5
Vocabulary
Answers:
1.
a) attack
b) insult
c) violation
2.
a) hurt
b) upset
c) bother
Predictions
A variety of answers are possible. Learners should feel comfortable expressing an opinion.
Listening 1: After You Listen
Comprehension
Strategy 1: Recognizing Facts
Answers:
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False
6. True
7. False
8. True
Strategy 2: Retelling Details
Answers:
1. b
2. c and d
3. a
4. c
5. b and d
Listening 2: After You Listen
Vocabulary
Strategy 1: Recognizing Cognates, or Word Families
Answers:
1. a
2. b
3. a
4. b
5. a
6. c
Strategy 2: Recognizing Meaning from Direct and Indirect Clues
Answers:
1. b
2. a
3. b
4. d
5. c
6. b and c
Discussion
NOTICING includes:
FINDING only one example of Dev apologizing indirectly.
IDENTIFY:
Dev’s offence was NOT communicating for a while.
Instead of sorry, Dev says, “I have been somewhat … distant.”
A variety of answers are possible for a father NOT apologizing directly to his child.
Roshan says “sorry” nine times.
IDENTIFY Roshan’s actions that offend his father:
Roshan thought he offended his father by not being responsible with his tools and Kerry’s truck. Earlier, he had dropped out of university against his father’s wishes.
“Sorry” means “excuse me,” “I apologize,” “I don’t understand,” or “please forgive me.”
Discussion about the meaning of “sorry” may include the degree, or lack of, sincerity attached to a word that is used so commonly.
DISCUSSION is an opportunity for learners to express a variety of perspectives.
Listening Progress Check
Answers:
Part A
Excerpt 1
1. a
2. b
3. b and c
Excerpt 2
1. a
2. b
3. b, c, and d
Excerpt 3
1. b
2. a
3. a
Part B
1. b and c
2. b and d
3. a and c
4. b, c, and d
5. a and d
Writing
Scaffolding Genre-exploring Activity
Paragraph 1
This sentence should be crossed out:
Fourth, he should not wear his watch on his right wrist.
Possible topic sentences:
- Here are four recommendations for safe driving.
- Musa should follow this advice when he is driving.
Paragraph 2
This sentence should be crossed out:
Lane lines are yellow or white.
Possible topic sentences:
- Driving in the country can be dangerous.
- Country driving has different dangers than city driving.
- Drivers should be careful when driving in the countryside.
Paragraph 3
This sentence should be crossed out:
The mirror shouldn’t be so small.
Possible topic sentences:
- One woman learned a hard lesson while driving.
- Sue has regrets about her driving accident.
- There are several things Sue would do differently if she could.
Paragraph 4
This sentence should be crossed out:
You should hear the cool ring tone.
Possible topic sentences:
- Here is a description of my mistake and how I should have avoided it.
- There are some things drivers should and shouldn’t do.
Scaffolding Mechanics, Grammar, and Syntax Activity
Modals Verbs of Advice
Example
Drivers should avoid distractions while they are driving. They should keep their eyes on the road. They should control the steering wheel with both hands. They should not text while driving. To avoid being distracted, drivers could turn off their cellphones. They might put their cellphones out of reach.
INFLEXIBLE ADVICE: should avoid, should keep, should control, should not text
FLEXIBLE ADVICE: could turn off, might put
Advising with SHOULD: Present and Future
| Paragraph 1 | Paragraph 2 | Example Paragraph | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative |
| should look
should place should keep |
should not text | should look out
should stay |
shouldn’t drive
shouldn’t speed |
should avoid
should keep should control |
should not text |
Regretting with SHOULD: Past
A variety of answers are possible. Here are some.
6. Gilles avoided Claire.
+ He should have talked to her sooner.
– He shouldn’t have waited to talk about the problem.
7. Ivan threw garbage on Claire’s property.
+ He should have guessed bears would come.
– He shouldn’t have been so angry/stubborn.
8. Dev was distant from his son, Roshan.
+ He should have let Roshan choose his own career path.
– He shouldn’t have stopped talking to his son.
9. Roshan didn’t lock his tools in Kerry’s truck.
+ He should have been more careful.
– He shouldn’t have put his tools in the truck box.
10. Kerry didn’t take his wife out for their anniversary.
+ He should have taken her out later.
– He shouldn’t have cancelled the date.
Speaking
Intonation Scaffolding Activities
Practise Linking Words
1. I won’t apologize for that.
I won-tapologize for that.
2. Sorry, could you hang on a second?
Sorry, could you hang-o n-a second?
3. My truck isn’t easily offended.
My tru-ckisn-teasily offended.
4. I left a couple of messages.
I lef-ta coupa-lof messages.
5. Your campers are frightened of these bears.
Your camper-sare frighten-dof these bears.
6. I am an old man.
I a-ma-nol-dman.
7. You don’t even owe me an apology.
You don-teve-nowe me a-napology.
8. Sorry, Roshan, I really can’t accept this.
Sorry, Roshan, I really can-taccep-this.
9. I’ll take care of it right away.
I’ll ta-ka-rov it righ-taway.
10. Accountability is an important part of your character, Roshan.
Accountability i-sa-nimportant par-tof your character, Roshan.
Discussion
Various answers are possible.
| She/He doesn’t apologize to everyone. She/He doesn’t apologize for everything. Apologizing might cause conflicts in relationships. If her/his status or relationship is delicate or important, she/he might not apologize. She/He doesn’t expect people who have higher status to apoligize to her/him. She/He doesn’t have to apologize because of her/his high status. |
She/He apologizes to many people. She/He apologizes for many reasons. Apologizing helps avoid conflicts in relationships. If her/his status or relationship is delicate or important, she/he will apologize. Apologizing shows equality. |