Review Questions
1. Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology that focuses on the study of ________.
- human development
- human thinking
- human behavior
- human society
2. Which of the following is an example of a prototype for the concept of leadership on an athletic team?
- the equipment manager
- the scorekeeper
- the team captain
- the quietest member of the team
3. Which of the following is an example of an artificial concept?
- mammals
- a triangle’s area
- gemstones
- teachers
4. An event schema is also known as a cognitive ________.
- stereotype
- concept
- script
- prototype
5. ________ provides general principles for organizing words into meaningful sentences.
- Linguistic determinism
- Lexicon
- Semantics
- Syntax
6. ________ are the smallest unit of language that carry meaning.
- Lexicon
- Phonemes
- Morphemes
- Syntax
7. The meaning of words and phrases is determined by applying the rules of ________.
- lexicon
- phonemes
- overgeneralization
- semantics
8. ________ is (are) the basic sound units of a spoken language.
- Syntax
- Phonemes
- Morphemes
- Grammar
9. A specific formula for solving a problem is called ________.
- an algorithm
- a heuristic
- a mental set
- trial and error
10. A mental shortcut in the form of a general problem-solving framework is called ________.
- an algorithm
- a heuristic
- a mental set
- trial and error
11. Which type of bias involves becoming fixated on a single trait of a problem?
- anchoring bias
- confirmation bias
- representative bias
- availability bias
12. Which type of bias involves relying on a false stereotype to make a decision?
- anchoring bias
- confirmation bias
- representative bias
- availability bias
13. Fluid intelligence is characterized by ________.
- being able to recall information
- being able to create new products
- being able to understand and communicate with different cultures
- being able to see complex relationships and solve problems
14. Which of the following is not one of Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences?
- creative
- spatial
- linguistic
- musical
15. Which theorist put forth the triarchic theory of intelligence?
- Goleman
- Gardner
- Sternberg
- Steitz
16. When you are examining data to look for trends, which type of intelligence are you using most?
- practical
- analytical
- emotional
- creative
17. In order for a test to be normed and standardized it must be tested on ________.
- a group of same-age peers
- a representative sample
- children with mental disabilities
- children of average intelligence
18. The mean score for a person with an average IQ is ________.
- 70
- 130
- 85
- 100
19. Who developed the IQ test most widely used today?
- Sir Francis Galton
- Alfred Binet
- Louis Terman
- David Wechsler
20. The DSM-5 now uses ________ as a diagnostic label for what was once referred to as mental retardation.
- autism and developmental disabilities
- lowered intelligence
- intellectual disability
- cognitive disruption
21. Where does high intelligence come from?
- genetics
- environment
- both A and B
- neither A nor B
22. Arthur Jensen believed that ________.
- genetics was solely responsible for intelligence
- environment was solely responsible for intelligence
- intelligence level was determined by race
- IQ tests do not take socioeconomic status into account
23. What is a learning disability?
- a developmental disorder
- a neurological disorder
- an emotional disorder
- an intellectual disorder
24. Which of the following statements is true?
- Poverty always affects whether individuals are able to reach their full intellectual potential.
- An individual’s intelligence is determined solely by the intelligence levels of his siblings.
- The environment in which an individual is raised is the strongest predictor of her future intelligence
- There are many factors working together to influence an individual’s intelligence level.
Critical Thinking Questions
25. Describe an event schema that you would notice at a sporting event.
26. Explain why event schemata have so much power over human behavior.
27. How do words not only represent our thoughts but also represent our values?
28. How could grammatical errors actually be indicative of language acquisition in children?
29. How could a specific learning disability, such as dysgraphia or dyslexia, impact a child’s educational and school experience?
30. What is functional fixedness and how can overcoming it help you solve problems?
31. How does an algorithm save you time and energy when solving a problem?
32. Describe a situation in which you would need to use practical intelligence.
33. Describe a situation in which cultural intelligence would help you communicate better.
34. Why do you think different theorists have defined intelligence in different ways?
35. Compare and contrast the benefits of the Stanford-Binet IQ test and Wechsler’s IQ tests.
36. What evidence exists for a genetic component to an individual’s IQ?
37. Describe the relationship between learning disabilities and intellectual disabilities to intelligence.
Personal Review Questions
38. Describe a natural concept that you know fully but that would be difficult for someone else to understand and explain why it would be difficult.
39. Can you think of examples of how language affects cognition?
40. Which type of bias do you recognize in your own decision making processes? How has this bias affected how you’ve made decisions in the past and how can you use your awareness of it to improve your decisions making skills in the future?
41. What influence do you think emotional intelligence plays in your personal life?
42. In thinking about the case of Candace described earlier, do you think that Candace benefitted or suffered as a result of consistently being passed on to the next grade?
43. Do you believe your level of intelligence was improved because of the stimuli in your childhood environment? Why or why not?
